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	<title>the pm411.org project management podcast &#187; Accountability</title>
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	<link>http://pm411.org</link>
	<description>project management internet radio show, templates, and webtools</description>
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	<itunes:summary>The pm411.org Project Management Podcast is dedicated to help you at your job as a Project Manager or Program Manager, regardless if you have years of experience, or if you are just starting on your journey in Project Management.  pm411.org is a place where you can come to find the latest in PM tools, PM Templates, PM tips, and PMI (PMBOK) methodologies that have been found to help others.  It is a place where discussions can be had with project managers from around the globe and in every industry where project management permeates in our Project Management discussion forums.  It is a place where you can find the best Project Management links to other sites dedicated to our wonderful profession.</itunes:summary>
	<itunes:author>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</itunes:author>
	<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
	<itunes:image href="http://pm411.org/wp-content/uploads/pm411logo_itunes.jpg" />
	<itunes:owner>
		<itunes:name>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</itunes:name>
		<itunes:email>show@pm411.org</itunes:email>
	</itunes:owner>
	<managingEditor>show@pm411.org (Ron Holohan, MBA PMP)</managingEditor>
	<copyright>2007-2012 Ron Holohan</copyright>
	<itunes:subtitle>Project management internet radio show, discussion forum, methodology, templates, and webtools</itunes:subtitle>
	<itunes:keywords>project, management, pm, prepcast, management, manager, pmi, pmp, team, management, schedule, budget</itunes:keywords>
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		<itunes:category text="Careers" />
		<itunes:category text="Management &amp; Marketing" />
	</itunes:category>
		<item>
		<title>Podcast episode 067: stop playing games!</title>
		<link>http://pm411.org/2011/01/14/podcast-episode-067-stop-playing-games/</link>
		<comments>http://pm411.org/2011/01/14/podcast-episode-067-stop-playing-games/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 15 Jan 2011 05:23:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Communication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cost Budgeting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Customers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Estimating]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Negotiating]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[PM Methodology]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[PM Questions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Risk Management]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Software Tools]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teams]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pm411.org/?p=1786</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Do you ever get tired of playing games? No. I’m not talking about Scrabble or poker or even Dungeons and Dragons Online in which incidentally, I am a current fourth level paladin. No, rather I’m speaking about the games that we get to play every day as project managers. What games you ask? Oh, you know the ones like “The Pricing Game,” “Guess the Truth,” and “Grapevine.” Well, lucky for us, Rick Morris, PMP, provides some strategies on how to win at these games. Rick Morris is the best-selling author of the book Stop Playing Games: A Project Manager’s Guide to Successfully Navigating Organizational Politics. This book, from the author of Project Management That Works and The Everything Project Management Book, dives deep into topics of gaining buy-in from upper management, accurately estimating timing and cost, controlling project communications, managing within a corporate culture, taking care of your team, and more. The Inspiration Behind the Book Frustration was one of the factors that inspired Rick to write Stop Playing Games. Frustration often occurs when project managers are ask to try to beat impossible deadlines with budgets and dates that they didn’t help set and without the authority to be successful.  [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://pm411.org/2011/01/14/podcast-episode-067-stop-playing-games/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
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			<itunes:subtitle>Do you ever get tired of playing games? - No. Iâm not talking about Scrabble or poker or even Dungeons and Dragons Online in which incidentally, I am a current fourth level paladin. No, rather Iâm speaking about the games that we get to play every...</itunes:subtitle>
		<itunes:summary>Do you ever get tired of playing games?

No. Iâm not talking about Scrabble or poker or even Dungeons and Dragons Online in which incidentally, I am a current fourth level paladin. No, rather Iâm speaking about the games that we get to play every day as project managers. What games you ask? Oh, you know the ones like âThe Pricing Game,â âGuess the Truth,â and âGrapevine.â

Well, lucky for us, Rick Morris, PMP, provides some strategies on how to win at these games. Rick Morris is the best-selling author of the book Stop Playing Games: A Project Managerâs Guide to Successfully Navigating Organizational Politics. This book, from the author of Project Management That Works and The Everything Project Management Book, dives deep into topics of gaining buy-in from upper management, accurately estimating timing and cost, controlling project communications, managing within a corporate culture, taking care of your team, and more.
The Inspiration Behind the Book
Frustration was one of the factors that inspired Rick to write Stop Playing Games.

Frustration often occurs when project managers are ask to try to beat impossible deadlines with budgets and dates that they didnât help set and without the authority to be successful.Â  Then, often we get to take the blame for when it all goes wrong!

Luckily, Rick has worked with a lot of executives, both as a consultant and as a project manager, and has been able to help many see that their team leaders actually share the same goals that they have.

In the end, weâre all people and we all want to be successful. By applying tips from Rickâs book, project managers can help their executives look so much better than they do today. In the long run, together we can stop playing these games and just have an honest relationship and become successful together. So, who&#039;s ready for a hug?
The Current Status of Project Management
Rick contends that the current status of project management is that a lot of people want a âquick fixâ to improve corporate efficiency and they think that Project Management might be able to provide that, but they donât want to put in the needed work to make the process changes to truly get the benefit of doing it the right way.

One of the reasons we try to play âgamesâ is because, just like when &quot;Six Sigma&quot; was new to organizations ten years ago, Project Management is new to a lot of organizations today. If you remember when Six Sigma became so prevalent, you had stories of Motorola and GE getting all these gains and successes from implementing Six Sigma. They had these results that suggested that if you brought a certified &quot;Master Black Belt&quot; in, your organization would suddenly become tremendously more efficient overnight.

Although organizations are starting to recognize that Project Management does bring dividends, they still donât know exactly how to help project managers do their jobs succesfully. Whatâs happening is they think âOh, we just established a Project Managemetn Office (PMO), now weâre finally going to have better project predictability.â Unfortunately, the problem is that organizations donât want to put in the effort to really change any of their processes.

Perhaps they read some journal article that said, âHey, if you hire a project manager, you can get results.â

So, they go and hire a PMP. But they don&#039;t provide the time or budget to effectively plan and execute the project. Soon the top floor wants to know âWhere are these results we were promised?â

As a result, in many cases project managers simply end up being big paper pushers and additional money gets spent to bring in consultants to figure out that the organization&#039;s processes and expectations never got changed to allow projects to come in under budget, under schedule, and within scope.
When I grow up, I want to be a Project Manager
Most of us really didnât plan to become a project manager.</itunes:summary>
		<itunes:author>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</itunes:author>
		<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
		<itunes:duration>26:05</itunes:duration>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Podcast episode 065:  extreme project manager makeover</title>
		<link>http://pm411.org/2010/10/27/podcast-episode-065-extreme-project-manager-makeover/</link>
		<comments>http://pm411.org/2010/10/27/podcast-episode-065-extreme-project-manager-makeover/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Oct 2010 00:33:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Career]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Leading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PM Podcasts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[extreme project management]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[extreme project managers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[extreme projects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[leader]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[leadership]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pattie vargas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pm411.org/?p=1724</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I recently talked with Pattie Vargas of The Vargas Group and author of the book, Extreme Project Manager Makeover, about what it means to be an Extreme Project Manager and how to become one.]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://pm411.org/2010/10/27/podcast-episode-065-extreme-project-manager-makeover/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
<enclosure url="http://www.pm411.org/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/pm411_065_2010-10-24.mp3" length="26813288" type="audio/mpeg" />
			<itunes:keywords>extreme project management,extreme project managers,extreme projects,leader,leadership,pattie vargas</itunes:keywords>
		<itunes:subtitle>I recently talked with Pattie Vargas of The Vargas Group and author of the book, Extreme Project Manager Makeover, about what it means to be an Extreme Project Manager and how to become one.</itunes:subtitle>
		<itunes:summary>I recently talked with Pattie Vargas of The Vargas Group and author of the book, Extreme Project Manager Makeover, about what it means to be an Extreme Project Manager and how to become one.</itunes:summary>
		<itunes:author>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</itunes:author>
		<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
		<itunes:duration>27:54</itunes:duration>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Podcast episode 057:  Tom Peters Speaks Out about Toyota Recalls</title>
		<link>http://pm411.org/2010/03/28/podcast-episode-057-tom-peters-speaks-out-about-toyota-recalls/</link>
		<comments>http://pm411.org/2010/03/28/podcast-episode-057-tom-peters-speaks-out-about-toyota-recalls/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Mar 2010 02:21:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Communication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cost Budgeting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Customers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Global]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Leading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lessons Learned]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[PM Links]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[al dunlap]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[apple]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[authors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[auto manufacturers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chevrolet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chrysler]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ford]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[google]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Honda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ibm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[in search of excellence]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Nissan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[recall]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[starbucks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the little big things]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[toyota]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pm411.org/?p=1117</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I was recently joined by best selling author and Management guru Tom Peters to discuss his perspective on the Toyota recalls.  Tom and I also talked about where other major companies such as Dell, Starbucks, Nike, Apple, Google, GM, IBM, Johnson &#038; Johnson, and Honda fall on that elusive spectra known as "Excellence".  By the way, if somehow you have not heard of Tom Peters:  Simply put, Tom Peters is the last of the still living and truly great 20th Century management thought leaders and, incidentally, is more relevant in today's business environment than ever before.]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://pm411.org/2010/03/28/podcast-episode-057-tom-peters-speaks-out-about-toyota-recalls/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
<enclosure url="http://www.pm411.org/wp-content/uploads/podcasts//pm411_057_2010-03-28.mp3" length="30358769" type="audio/mpeg" />
			<itunes:keywords>al dunlap,apple,authors,auto manufacturers,chevrolet,Chrysler,Ford,GM,google,Honda,ibm,in search of excellence</itunes:keywords>
		<itunes:subtitle>I was recently joined by best selling author and Management guru Tom Peters to discuss his perspective on the Toyota recalls.  Tom and I also talked about where other major companies such as Dell, Starbucks, Nike, Apple, Google, GM, IBM,</itunes:subtitle>
		<itunes:summary>I was recently joined by best selling author and Management guru Tom Peters to discuss his perspective on the Toyota recalls.  Tom and I also talked about where other major companies such as Dell, Starbucks, Nike, Apple, Google, GM, IBM, Johnson &amp; Johnson, and Honda fall on that elusive spectra known as &quot;Excellence&quot;.  By the way, if somehow you have not heard of Tom Peters:  Simply put, Tom Peters is the last of the still living and truly great 20th Century management thought leaders and, incidentally, is more relevant in today&#039;s business environment than ever before.</itunes:summary>
		<itunes:author>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</itunes:author>
		<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
		<itunes:duration>31:36</itunes:duration>
		<rawvoice:poster url="http://pm411.org/wp-content/plugins/podpress//images/vpreview_center.png" />
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>What we can learn from &#8220;Undercover Boss&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://pm411.org/2010/02/09/what-we-can-learn-from-undercover-boss/</link>
		<comments>http://pm411.org/2010/02/09/what-we-can-learn-from-undercover-boss/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Feb 2010 04:39:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Career]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Communication]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Larry O'Donnell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[morale]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[superbowl]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The apprentice]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[waste management]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pm411.org/?p=941</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Okay, so I just got around to watching the debut of the new CBS reality show, Undercover Boss, which I recorded after the Superbowl on Sunday evening. I am really not a fan of reality shows, although I did watch the first season of The Apprentice back in 2004 since it had project managers competing to secure a single lucrative position of overseeing the building of Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago, Illinois. After watching the first few episodes of The Apprentice, I actually felt anxious.  I think that The Donald’s continual criticizing, interrupting, and “you’re fired” climaxes of each board room episode of The Apprentice struck a little too close to reality for me.  I have never been fired, but I have been in my share of meetings and board rooms where politics are at play, people’s defenses are bristling, and at times career paths are changed.  I have found that these corporate situations often have an appearance more like a scene from William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, than that of a group of people with a common corporate goal.  And at times it has been me who has put the boar’s head on the stake! However, [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://pm411.org/2010/02/09/what-we-can-learn-from-undercover-boss/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>7</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Podcast episode 052:  it&#8217;s okay to be RACI!</title>
		<link>http://pm411.org/2010/01/16/podcast-episode-052-its-okay-to-be-raci/</link>
		<comments>http://pm411.org/2010/01/16/podcast-episode-052-its-okay-to-be-raci/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Jan 2010 06:19:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Organization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PM Podcasts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PM Tools]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[consulted.ram.responsibility assignment matrix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[raci]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[responsibilities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[responsibility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[roles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[team]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pm411.org/?p=870</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you like us, give us a 5 star review in iTunes! In Episode 004 and Episode 051 we discussed the Work Breakdown Structure and how it can help you as a team to clearly document your project’s deliverables.  But once you have completed your WBS, what’s next? Well the next step is to develop a Responsibility Assignment Matrix, or RAM, using the RACI process.  I think you are going to find this to be a valuable tool to help clarify ownership to various parts of your project.  Soon your entire team will be RACI! Define Activities Process After you identify your deliverables in your Work Breakdown Structure, you will need to define those actions and activities that need to be done to produce the lowest level deliverables.  This is the first process in the PMBOK Time Management Knowledge Area and is known as the Define Activities Process. In Episode 004 on Work Breakdown Structures we provided an example of a project of doing laundry.  A lower deliverable could be “clean dark clothes”.  Decomposing the activities under this deliverable could be “sort laundry by color,”, “select cold setting,” measure laundry detergent, add detergent to washer, add dark clothes to washer, check [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://pm411.org/2010/01/16/podcast-episode-052-its-okay-to-be-raci/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		<enclosure url="http://www.pm411.org/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/pm411_052_2010-01-18.mp3" length="9827742" type="audio/mpeg" />
		<itunes:keywords>Accountability,consulted.ram.responsibility assignment matrix,raci,responsibilities,responsibility,roles,team</itunes:keywords>
		<itunes:subtitle>If you like us, give us a 5 star reviewÂ in iTunes! - In Episode 004 and Episode 051 we discussed the Work Breakdown Structure and how it can help you as a team to clearly document your projectâs deliverables.Â  But once you have completed your WBS,</itunes:subtitle>
		<itunes:summary>If you like us, give us a 5 star reviewÂ in iTunes!

In Episode 004 and Episode 051 we discussed the Work Breakdown Structure and how it can help you as a team to clearly document your projectâs deliverables.Â  But once you have completed your WBS, whatâs next?

Well the next step is to develop a Responsibility Assignment Matrix, or RAM, using the RACI process.Â  I think you are going to find this to be a valuable tool to help clarify ownership to various parts of your project.Â  Soon your entire team will be RACI!
Define Activities Process
After you identify your deliverables in your Work Breakdown Structure, you will need to define those actions and activities that need to be done to produce the lowest level deliverables.Â  This is the first process in the PMBOK Time Management Knowledge Area and is known as the Define Activities Process.

In Episode 004 on Work Breakdown Structures we provided an example of a project of doing laundry.Â  A lower deliverable could be âclean dark clothesâ.Â  Decomposing the activities under this deliverable could be âsort laundry by color,â, âselect cold setting,â measure laundry detergent, add detergent to washer, add dark clothes to washer, check clothes once the cycle completes, unload washer, add washed clothes to dryer, select regular drying setting, check clothes once dryer timer goes off, fill laundry basket, sort laundry to iron, Iron laundry, Fold laundry, and Put laundry away.

Note that the order of the activities doesnât need to necessarily be in order at this point, and additional activities can be added such as âadd dryer sheet to dryer.âÂ  However, once you have your list of activities for each deliverable, you are ready to use the RACI process to assign them to folks associated with the project.

Basically, RACI is a method to assign activities to resources by name or by function.
RACI is an acronym that stands for four types of task assignments:

	Responsible
	Accountable
	Consulted
	Informed

So, letâs talk about the four types of assignments.
Responsible [R]
The first type of assignment is âRâ that stands for âResponsible.âÂ  The person assigned as âresponsibleâ for a task is the person, or role, that is responsible for actually performing the work for the task. A few guidelines to keep in mindâ¦Â  When no one is assigned as responsible for the task, chances are that it wonât get done. Also, when many people are assigned to completing the work, it requires a lot of coordination and usually means further decomposition is required to make sure everyone is clear about what specifically they need to work on.Â  Finally, if a specific person is assigned as the âRâ to multiple tasks they may become overloaded.Â  In this case, you may want to see if someone else can fill in as the âRâ on some of the tasks.
Accountable [A]
The second type of assignment is âAâ that stands for âAccountable.âÂ  This is the person who is held accountable for the task getting completed. Â One guideline to keep in mind for the person assigned as âAccountable,â insure only one person is assigned as accountable for each task being performed. Â If you end up trying to assign multiple people to a particular task you will end up with a lot of finger pointing and confusion when issues occur.
Consulted [C]
The next type is Consulted â the âCâs.âÂ  These are the people involved and consulted prior to a task being performed. Essentially, their input is sought after and factored in prior to action taking place. As the number of people consulted increases, the speed with which action can be taken decreases. Conversely, too few and improper decisions and actions may be made without those whose buy-in is required being assigned as a âCâ.
Informed [I]
Finally are the âIâsâ who are those that need to be Informed on the status and completion of a task. If necessary parties arenât informed,</itunes:summary>
		<itunes:author>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</itunes:author>
		<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Podcast episode 046:  schedule killers &#8211; parkinson&#8217;s law</title>
		<link>http://pm411.org/2009/09/11/podcast-episode-046-schedule-killers-parkinsons-law/</link>
		<comments>http://pm411.org/2009/09/11/podcast-episode-046-schedule-killers-parkinsons-law/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Sep 2009 00:08:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Estimating]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Teams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behaviors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[parkinson's law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[schedule killers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pm411.org/?p=666</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Get the pm411.org Project Management Podcast Newsletter delivered by email for free! &#8211; Your email address and personal information are confidential and will never be sold or rented. Today we continue our series on Schedule Killers – those tendencies and traits of project teams that cause us to miss our deadlines!  Last episode we discussed “The Student Syndrome,” which is defined as “the phenomenon that many people will start to fully apply themselves to a task just at the last possible moment before a deadline.”   Today we talk about “Parkinson’s Law.” What is Parkinson’s Law? Parkinson’s Law, as it is known today, started as the first sentence of an essay that Cyril Northcote Parkinson wrote for The Economist in 1955.  Parkinson was a British naval historian, public administration scholar, and author of over sixty books.  Parkinson’s claim that “work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion” later was expanded to include how work expands in bureaucracies in his bestselling 1957 book, Parkinson’s Law. Parkinson’s Law is also often expressed as “The demand upon a resource tends to expand to match the supply of the resource,” although the reverse is not true. I personally like to think [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://pm411.org/2009/09/11/podcast-episode-046-schedule-killers-parkinsons-law/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>8</slash:comments>
<enclosure url="http://www.pm411.org/wp-content/uploads/podcasts//pm411_046_2009-09-06.mp3" length="21009004" type="audio/mpeg" />
			<itunes:keywords>behaviors,parkinson&#039;s law,schedule killers,Teams</itunes:keywords>
		<itunes:subtitle>Get the pm411.org Project Management Podcast Newsletter delivered by email for free! - Your email address and personal information are confidential and will never be sold or rented. - Today we continue our series on Schedule Killers â those tendenci...</itunes:subtitle>
		<itunes:summary>Get the pm411.org Project Management Podcast Newsletter delivered by email for free! - Your email address and personal information are confidential and will never be sold or rented.

Today we continue our series on Schedule Killers â those tendencies and traits of project teams that cause us to miss our deadlines!Â  Last episode we discussed âThe Student Syndrome,â which is defined as âthe phenomenon that many people will start to fully apply themselves to a task just at the last possible moment before a deadline.âÂ Â  Today we talk about âParkinsonâs Law.â
What is Parkinsonâs Law?
Parkinsonâs Law, as it is known today, started as the first sentence of an essay that Cyril Northcote Parkinson wrote for The Economist in 1955.Â  Parkinson was a British naval historian, public administration scholar, and author of over sixty books.Â  Parkinsonâs claim that âwork expands so as to fill the time available for its completionâ later was expanded to include how work expands in bureaucracies in his bestselling 1957 book, Parkinsonâs Law.

Parkinsonâs Law is also often expressed as âThe demand upon a resource tends to expand to match the supply of the resource,â although the reverse is not true.

I personally like to think of Parkinsonâs Law as the âIdeal Gas Lawâ for projects.Â  No, I am not referring to the hot air that some project managers are famous for expelling.Â  But rather, if you think of the amount of work required to complete a task as a set number of gas molecules inside a sealed container, the gas would still fill the container if you were to make the container bigger.Â  Only the distance between the work molecules would be greater and there would be less pressure inside of the container.Â  However, if you were to reduce the size of the container or if someone were to apply âheatâ to the system, the pressure would increase.Â  But if less âheatâ were applied or if the container was allowed to grow, the volume of work would still expand to completely fill the container.

So, what Parkinsonâs Law states is that if you were to think of the size of a project task duration to be the analogy of a gas-filled container and you were able to successfully complete the work in 2 weeks, that same work would expand to fill 4 weeks if the task duration was expanded.

So, if a team member finishes the required work in 2 weeks, they will typically keep the working on the task until it is absolutely required for them to turn their work deliverable over.Â  If they are given even more time to complete a task, they will still take the entire time allocated to them.

The reason why this is a problem is because any âbufferâ added to the individual task to protect the project end date is wasted by the effects of Parkinsonâs Law extending individual task durations.


Why Does Parkinsonâs Law Occur?
So why do people want to hang on to their work anyway?Â  You would think people would want to âget it off their deskâ and start working on the next task, just like someone would with a âto doâ list.Â  There are actually several reasons why Parkinsonâs Law occurs.

1.)Â Â  People want to make their deliverable as good as possible. Unfortunately, people often equate this to improving the deliverableâs quality through adding additional features or performance even if it surpasses the task deliverable requirements.Â  Sometimes this is referred to âgold platingâ or âpolishing the apple.âÂ  It has been shown that often times true quality is compromised.Â  A simple example is a presentation that someone continues to make âprettyâ by adding a lot of extraneous graphics, colors, animations, and text that takes additional editing time and only serves to detract from the quality of the original presentationâs message.

2.)Â Â  People are afraid of turning in their work early.Â  Team members may feel that if they turn in their work early,</itunes:summary>
		<itunes:author>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</itunes:author>
		<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
		<itunes:duration>21:52</itunes:duration>
		<rawvoice:poster url="http://pm411.org/wp-content/plugins/podpress//images/vpreview_center.png" />
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		<title>Podcast episode 045:  schedule killers &#8211; student syndrome</title>
		<link>http://pm411.org/2009/08/22/podcast-episode-045-schedule-killers-student-syndrome/</link>
		<comments>http://pm411.org/2009/08/22/podcast-episode-045-schedule-killers-student-syndrome/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2009 21:01:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Estimating]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PM Podcasts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scheduling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[8/80]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behaviors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[schedule killers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[student syndrome]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pm411.org/?p=610</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Today we will be starting a series on Schedule Killers – those tendencies and traits of project teams that cause us to miss our deadlines!  And the first schedule serial killer of project teams that we will be discussing is called… “The Student Syndrome!”

In this episode we cover:

1.)  What is Student Syndrome?
2.)  What Causes Student Syndrome?
3.)  How to Cure it]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://pm411.org/2009/08/22/podcast-episode-045-schedule-killers-student-syndrome/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>11</slash:comments>
<enclosure url="http://www.pm411.org/wp-content/uploads/podcasts//pm411_045_2009-08-24.mp3" length="9459821" type="audio/mpeg" />
			<itunes:keywords>8/80,behaviors,schedule killers,student syndrome,Teams</itunes:keywords>
		<itunes:subtitle>Today we will be starting a series on Schedule Killers â those tendencies and traits of project teams that cause us to miss our deadlines!  And the first schedule serial killer of project teams that we will be discussing is calledâ¦ âThe Student S...</itunes:subtitle>
		<itunes:summary>Today we will be starting a series on Schedule Killers â those tendencies and traits of project teams that cause us to miss our deadlines!  And the first schedule serial killer of project teams that we will be discussing is calledâ¦ âThe Student Syndrome!â

In this episode we cover:

1.)  What is Student Syndrome?
2.)  What Causes Student Syndrome?
3.)  How to Cure it</itunes:summary>
		<itunes:author>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</itunes:author>
		<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
		<itunes:duration>9:50</itunes:duration>
		<rawvoice:poster url="http://pm411.org/wp-content/plugins/podpress//images/vpreview_center.png" />
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>How To Avoid &#8220;Stopping The Line&#8221; On Deliverables</title>
		<link>http://pm411.org/2008/09/06/how-to-avoid-stopping-the-line-on-deliverables/</link>
		<comments>http://pm411.org/2008/09/06/how-to-avoid-stopping-the-line-on-deliverables/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Sep 2008 05:21:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guest Blogger]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PM Links]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scheduling]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[andon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[toyota]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://1448556078</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Today&#8217;s guest blogger, Brian Buck, is an Organizational Improvement Consultant and Project Manager in the healthcare industry.  He is studying for the PMP and hopes his three year experience requirement kicks in before the new PMBOK comes out (or else he will have to study some more)!  He specializes in Lean improvements and loves to integrate the concepts into Project Management.  He blogs at http://www.improvewithme.com/. Have you ever had a project team member miss a deadline or give a below quality deliverable?  Could the timing or quality have been saved if the team member had asked for help before the deadline? Toyota and their Lean methodology have pioneered Andon systems to call out trouble before a production line is forced to be stopped.  The same concept can help prevent a project from stalling. Simplified, if a line worker spots a quality problem (their own or passed on to them) and they know they will run over their allotted time, they pull an Andon cord.  This Andon cord makes a light or sound signaling the floor supervisors to RUN to the line worker to help troubleshoot and fix anything before the allotted time expires. There is an important cultural significance behind [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://pm411.org/2008/09/06/how-to-avoid-stopping-the-line-on-deliverables/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>US olympic teamwork and Michael Phelps</title>
		<link>http://pm411.org/2008/08/11/us-olympic-teamwork-and-michael-phelps/</link>
		<comments>http://pm411.org/2008/08/11/us-olympic-teamwork-and-michael-phelps/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Aug 2008 19:07:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Global]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gold medal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[michael phelps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[olympics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[swimming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[teamwork]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[us swim team]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pm411.org/?p=348</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[  There is quite a lot that we can learn as project managers from the United States Olympic win in the 400m freestyle relay on Sunday. 1.) Stay focused only on the task at hand How often do you or your team members lose focus on your project deliverables?  Don&#8217;t get distracted by naysayers or detractors that tell you that your project will never succeed.  Focus only on doing the job that you are getting paid to do and do it to the very best of your abilities.  French swimmer, Alain Bernard, the previous holder of the 100-meter record, lost his focus by announcing to the media that his relay team would &#8220;smash&#8221; the Americans and stop Michael Phelps&#8217; bid for a historic eight gold medals in one Olympics.  This trash talk only seemed to fire up the US team and bring them closer together in their goal of winning the gold.  And the US didn&#8217;t lose their focus by shooting back at the French.  They focused on their task at hand and let the race do the talking for them.  2.) Don&#8217;t focus on your team&#8217;s shortcomings Do you and your team members focus more on your abilities or your [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://pm411.org/2008/08/11/us-olympic-teamwork-and-michael-phelps/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Be accountable</title>
		<link>http://pm411.org/2008/03/25/be-accountable/</link>
		<comments>http://pm411.org/2008/03/25/be-accountable/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2008 23:57:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ron Holohan, MBA PMP</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accountability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PM Links]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lap31]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lap31.com]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mistakes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[project management]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pm411.org/2008/03/25/be-accountable/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Lazymale is our first guest blogger on pm411.org.  But don&#8217;t let his name fool you &#8211; he keeps busy as a Program Manager at a software services firm where he manages a team of 50 people both offshore and in the United States.  Yet he still has time to keep up his own blog at www.lap31.com!  Lazymale describes his lap31.com blog as being about &#8221;laps in this race of a lifetime&#8230; of the laps we covered and the laps that remain&#8230; of struggles, commitment and leadership&#8230; of teamwork and trust&#8230; of learning from mistakes to creating success stories and winning&#8230; Are we prepared for what&#8217;s ahead?  Are we ready to lead?&#8221;  You can reach Lazymale at lazymale@lap31.com. I&#8217;d like to think that I am a very good driver, if not an expert. Even then once in a while, I miss a red light, I over speed and sometimes even make a wrong turn. Does that mean I should quit driving altogether? I don&#8217;t think so. I need to be aware of these errors and be careful. Similarly, it is not unusual to miss a project deadline. No matter how good we plan, we may still miss a deadline somewhere; someday. Should we be afraid to [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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